This standard, which will come into effect on March 1st next year, will enable the development of the organic fertilizer industry to enter the fast lane.

2016-10-19 17:29:12

times

Recently, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of China have approved and issued the "Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, Chlortetracycline and Doxycycline in Organic Fertilizers - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method" (GB/T 32951-2016), and the standard will come into effect on March 1st, 2017. What is the relationship between antibiotics and organic fertilizers made from livestock and poultry manure? Can the antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry manure be degraded? What are the benefits of the release of this standard for the development of organic fertilizers?

China is a large agricultural country, and the livestock and poultry breeding industry is gradually transforming from a scattered breeding mode to an intensive one. Lured by economic interests, the abuse of antibiotics has become more and more serious. Therefore, the problem of antibiotic pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure has become more prominent. Among them, the detection of tetracycline resistance genes and sulfonamide resistance genes is the most common. After the residual antibiotics enter the soil with the application of animal manure as fertilizer, they will be absorbed and accumulated by plants and disrupt the microecological balance around the rhizosphere of plants. Antibiotic pollution has currently become one of the hot research topics internationally.

The release of the standard is good news for the organic fertilizer industry. Firstly, it provides technical and standard support for the harmless treatment of organic fertilizers. Secondly, it is conducive to the development of commercial organic fertilizers, making livestock and poultry manure a supplementary raw material for organic fertilizers. Thirdly, food safety is better guaranteed, and the consumption of organic fertilizers in the production of cash crops will increase.

Efficient treatment of livestock and poultry manure is scarce. At present, most of the livestock and poultry manure is directly applied to various agricultural lands as fertilizers without undergoing composting treatment. Antibiotic resistance genes are likely to enter crops through the soil environment, and even enter the human body through the food chain, threatening human health and safety. Moreover, antibiotics are essential for industrialized and large-scale farming and animal disease prevention, and it is very difficult to control their use from the source, thus solving the problem of antibiotic gene pollution at its root.

According to statistics, currently, the efficient treatment rate of livestock and poultry manure is only 30.1%. Among them, the traditional method of composting livestock and poultry manure accounts for the largest proportion, which is 41.7%; industrial composting and biogas production account for 16.5% and 13.6% respectively (the efficient treatment rate is only 30.1%); the remaining 28.2% is unknown whether it has been treated and how it has been treated.

Composting can degrade the antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry manure. Composting is an effective way to harmlessly treat and recycle various wastes, and using composting to remove harmful pollutants in livestock and poultry manure can also play a certain role. Composting can significantly reduce the concentration of antibiotics in the manure.

It is understood that if the current composting process is well controlled, it can generally degrade 70%-80% of the antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry manure. In addition to composting, anaerobic biogas fermentation can also degrade 30%-40% of the antibiotic residues in organic fertilizers made from livestock and poultry manure. By adding inhibitors or thermophilic bacteria agents during the composting process to improve the composting conditions, it is possible to prevent antibiotic resistance genes from entering the soil environment as much as possible and reduce the pollution level of this new type of environmental pollutant, antibiotic resistance genes.

In actual composting production, conditioners are generally added to adjust the composting effect. For example, sawdust, straw, and crop stalks, which have a high carbon content, are most widely used in aerobic composting, especially in chicken manure composting. In addition, adding microbial agents such as thermophilic bacteria agents can also significantly increase the temperature of the compost pile and prolong the duration of high temperature.

During the composting process, tetracycline antibiotics can be rapidly degraded, effectively reducing the environmental risks brought by tetracycline antibiotic residues. Some studies have shown that after high-temperature composting of pig manure + wheat straw and chicken manure + wheat straw respectively, the degradation rates of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline) in livestock and poultry manure are 75.6%-85.97% and 66.56%-82.44% respectively. As for the degradation mechanism of antibiotics, the decrease in the concentration of antibiotics during the composting process is not entirely the result of microbial degradation. Non-biological factors such as organic matter adsorption, composting temperature, and the self-degradation of antibiotics all have an impact. What exactly are antibiotics?

Tetracycline antibiotics (abbreviated as TCs in English, with the scientific name tetracyclines) are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by actinomycetes, including chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and semi-synthetic derivatives such as methacycline, doxycycline, minocycline, etc., all of which have a basic skeleton of naphthacene. Tetracycline antibiotics are a relatively inexpensive class of antibiotics. Due to their low price, they are very popular in China. They are not only widely used as drugs for the treatment of human and animal diseases but also used in large quantities as additives to improve feed utilization efficiency and promote animal growth.

Why are the antibiotic residues in organic fertilizers made from livestock and poultry manure a concern?

The main reasons are as follows: First, the volume of livestock and poultry manure is large. A survey conducted by the former State Environmental Protection Administration of China in 32 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government showed that in the 1990s, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure generated in China was about 1.9 billion tons, which increased to about 2.7 billion tons in 2000, and the discharge amount of livestock and poultry manure reached 4.5 billion tons in 2010. Second, the addition of antibiotics is common in large-scale intensive farming, resulting in non-point source pollution of the soil or ecological environment and food safety issues. Because antibiotics are not completely absorbed after entering the bodies of livestock and poultry, and even 60%-90% of them are excreted with the livestock and poultry manure through the digestive tract, and they can even threaten human food safety through the transmission of the food chain.

At present, although the state and regions have promoted green farming and advocated reducing the use of antibiotics, it is very difficult to promote zero antibiotic addition in farming. China's composting industry is in its initial stage with broad prospects, and different processes and technologies are still in the exploration stage, so it is also difficult to successfully promote the organic fertilizer composting technology. The cost of commercial organic fertilizer products is relatively high due to processes such as granulation and transportation problems, and it is also difficult to promote them. Therefore, the state needs to continuously advocate and guide the use of organic fertilizers from the policy level, and the organic fertilizer industry also needs to work together to continuously improve the production process from the production technology level, minimize the impact of harmful substances such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and pathogenic bacteria, and achieve the rational utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources and harmless treatment.

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I. Rich in nutrients and sourced from pure green plants

Using yeast concentrated solution as the raw material, supplemented by pure green plant-based raw materials such as tobacco stem powder, rice husk powder, and mushroom residue. The combination of bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agents is more conducive to the absorption of fertilizer efficiency and the improvement of the soil.